Abstract (eng)
This dissertation explores rebetiko, a music form that emerged in the early 20th century and now holds a significant place in Greece's musical landscape. Rebetiko is analysed in relation to migration, subculture, popular culture, the concept of the “Orient” and gender aspects. The Greek-Turkish War of 1919- 1922 triggered migration processes, and the subsequent encounters and interactions between the displaced people and the local population are crucial to understanding the context in which rebetiko emerged. It became a distinct music form by blending elements of the makam music, which is part of the “eastern” musical tradition, with those of European music. The songs analysed here display complex musical characteristics and cover a broad range of themes within this music form. An important part of my study is the concept of the “Orient”. While predominantly shaped by male artists, women also played a significant role in the development of rebetiko as singers and songwriters.
In my work, I focus on Roza Eskenazy and her songs from the 1930s, a period that marks the peak of her popularity and the popularity of the “Smyrna style” of rebetiko. I discuss several songs that refer to women, analysing how female figures are portrayed, the context of these portrayals, and their reflexion on gender issues. Particular attention is also given to the female authorship of rebetiko songs. In my analysis, I use approaches from postcolonial studies, cultural studies, gender studies, and music theory. This dissertation aims to contribute to the research on the interrelationship between migration and music. Moreover, I aim to enhance the visibility of female artists, ensuring that their personalities, works, and contributions to the cultural field receive greater recognition.